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How to Solve the 15 Puzzle — Step by Step

The row-and-column method on the 4×4 board, from a fresh shuffle to the solved state, with the moves you actually need at each stage. Five minutes of reading, three to seven minutes per solve once you have it.

Updated 2026-05-20 7 min read

This is a procedural guide. Print it out, or read it next to a fresh 15 puzzle on your phone, and follow the steps. By the end you will have a method that solves any 15 puzzle in three to seven minutes.

What you are aiming at

The 4×4 board with tiles in order:

 1  2  3  4
 5  6  7  8
 9 10 11 12
13 14 15  _

The empty cell is in the bottom-right.

Step 1 — solve the top row (1, 2, 3, 4)

Place tile 1 in the top-left first. This is easy — slide tiles around until 1 lands in position. Don't worry about disturbing anything else, because nothing is in place yet.

Place tile 2 to the right of 1. Same approach: bring 2 toward the top, then nudge it next to 1.

Now you reach the tricky part: tiles 3 and 4 need to go into the top-right of the row, but you cannot just place 4 there — when 4 sits in the top-right, you usually need 3 to follow, and getting 3 to slide in usually displaces 4.

The technique:

  1. Place 4 in the top-right corner first.
  2. Place 3 directly under 4 (in position 8, the second-row-right cell).
  3. Now rotate the 4-3 pair clockwise into the corner. This means: move the empty cell to the right of 4 (position 4, the top-right itself), slide 4 left, slide 3 up, slide 4 right.

After this rotation, both 3 and 4 are in place and the rest of the board has only been slightly disturbed. The top row is locked.

(This rotation is the L-shaped corner manoeuvre. Memorise it — you will use it on every row corner and every column corner of every puzzle for the rest of your life.)

Step 2 — solve the left column (5, 9, 13)

Don't disturb the top row. From now on, you only work with the bottom three rows.

Place tile 5 in position 5 (top of the left column, just below 1). This is usually one or two slides.

Place tile 9 below 5. Same approach.

Place tiles 13 and ... wait, you have only three left-column tiles to do (5, 9, 13) — the bottom-left corner is 13. Use the same L-shaped corner manoeuvre, mirrored vertically:

  1. Place 13 in position 9 (the cell where 9 was — wait, you already placed 9 there).
  2. Actually the standard move: place 9 in the bottom-left corner first, place 13 directly to its right, then rotate the pair clockwise into place: empty above 9, slide 9 up, slide 13 left, slide 9 down.

After this, the top row and left column are locked. You are working on a 3×3 subpuzzle.

Step 3 — solve the 3×3 endgame

What remains is a 3×3 grid (rows 2-3-4, columns 2-3-4) holding tiles 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15 and the empty. The goal positions inside this sub-grid are:

 6  7  8
10 11 12
14 15  _

This is now an 8 puzzle, with a different goal state but the same rules. Apply the same row-and-column method recursively:

If the bottom 2×2 ends up with two tiles swapped, that means the original puzzle is unsolvable — which only happens if the app generated it badly, not by chance from a random shuffle followed by parity checking.

Common stuck points

"I have everything but tiles 3 and 4 are reversed." This is the corner-rotation trick. Move them both out of the corner together, then rotate them back in the correct orientation.

"I'm trying to place a tile but every move messes up what I already placed." You are inside a row or column you locked. Step back and verify which tiles are "supposed to stay still" — once a row or column is locked, you can only work in the unlocked area below or to the right.

"My puzzle won't finish — the last two tiles are swapped." Two cases: either you accidentally moved a locked tile (rare), or the puzzle is unsolvable (also rare). Test by resetting and using the parity check.

How fast can you go

A first-time solver, applying this method literally, takes 15-25 minutes. By the third solve, the same method takes 8 minutes. By the tenth, 3-5 minutes. Speed-solvers under two minutes use the same method with motor memory.

There is no faster human method. The row-and-column reduction is provably the cleanest hand technique known. Computer optimal solutions are shorter (~52 moves for a random board) but require search algorithms; a human implementing them would need to plan twenty-plus moves ahead, which is impractical.

What's next

Once the 4×4 feels routine, the same method works on the 24 puzzle (5×5) and the 35 puzzle (6×6) without modification — just more rows and columns to peel before you reach the embedded 3×3.

If you want the general method without the 4×4 specifics, see how to solve a slide puzzle. If you want the simplest possible worked example, see 3×3 slide puzzle solution.